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Kava Or P. Methysticum
The Clinical Research & Resources
Kava is also one of the herbs that has been
researched a lot. These Studies helped a lot to dispel the controversy about
Piper methysticum and establishing its use again. Some of the best clinical
research studies and reference resources of this herb are cited here.
Books & Articles Related To
Piper Methysticum
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Methods of Preparation;
P. methysticum Root.
Publisher - Three Rivers Press, New York; 1998, Pg.198; Authors - Mayell, Mark;
Natural Energy: 'A consumer's Guide to legal, mind altering and mood-brightening
herbs and supplements'.
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Traditional Uses Of
P. methysticum;
Publisher - 1st American ed. New York : Boston : DK Pub. ; Dist. Houghton
Mifflin,
c1996. (p. 119);
Andrew Chevallier The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants.
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P. methysticum The
Pacific Drug; Lebot, Vincent et al; New Haven & London, Yale University Press;
1992.
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Piper methysticum
An Overview; Singh, Yadhu N.; Journal of Ethnopharmacology,37
(1992): 13-45.
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P. methysticum and Anxiety; New York, NY : HarperCollins, c1998. ISBN 0060191279
(p. 79-80); Harold H. Bloomfield (M.D.) Healing Anxiety with Herbs.
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Extract of Piper
methysticum and its methysticin constituents
protect brain tissue against ischemic damage in rodents. European Journal of
Pharmacology
1992; 215 (2-3): 265-9; Backhauss C; Krieglstein J.
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Psychoactive substances of the South Seas: betel,
P. methysticum and pituri.
Australian and
New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1985; 19 (1): 83-7; Cawte, J.
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Identification by
methane chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of the products
obtained by
steam distillation and aqueous acid extraction of commercial Piper methysticum.
Biomedical
Environmental Mass Spectrometry, 1988; 17 (5): 371-378; Cheng D.; Lidgard R.O.; Duffield P.H.; Duffield A.M., and Brophy J.J.
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P.
methysticum Pyrones
and Resin: Studies on GABAlsuboA, GABAlsuboB and Benzodiazepine Binding Sites in
Rodent Brain. Pharmacology & toxicology. 1992; 71, (2): 120; Davies, L. P.; Drew, C. A.; Duffield,
P.; Johnston, G. A. R.; Jamieson, D. D.
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Effect of aqueous and lipid-soluble
extracts of P. methysticum
on the conditioned avoidance response in rats. Archives Internationales de
Pharmacodynamic et
de Therapy, 1989; 301: 81-90; Duffield PH; Jamieson DD; Duffield AM.
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Identification of
some
human urinary metabolites of the intoxicating beverage P. methysticum. Journal of
Chromatography, 1989; Jul 28: 273-8; Duffield AM; Jamieson DD; Lidgard RO; Duffield
PH; Bourne DJ.
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Pharmacopsychological effects of
oxazepam and
P. methysticum-extract in a visual search paradigm assessed with event-related potentials.
Pharmacopsychiatry 1994; 27(6): 224-30;
Heinze, HJ ; Munthe TF; Steitz J; Matzke M.
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Comparison of the central
nervous system
activity of the aqueous and lipid extract of kava . Archives Internationales
de Pharmacodynamic et de Therapy 1989; 301: 66-80; Jamieson DD; Duffield PH; Cheng D; Duffield
AM.
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P. methysticum. Lancet , 1988 Jul 30; 2 (8605): 258-9.
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Effects of Oxazepam
and an Extract of
Piper methysticum on Event-Related Potentials in a Word Recognition
Task.
Neuropsychobiology. 1993:27(1): 46-53; Munte, T. F., Heinze, H. J., Matzke, M., and Steitz,
J.
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P.
methysticum dermopathy. Journal of the American Academy of
Dermatology.
1994; 31 (1): 89; Norton, S. A.; Ruze, P.
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Clinical Research
Studies Of Kava Or Piper methysticum
P. methysticum Root Useful For the treatment
of Stress:
Wien Med Wochenschr 1999;149(8-10):197-201
Muller B, Komorek R
Medizinischen Forschung, Harras Pharma Curarina GmbH, Munchen, Deutschland. In
this German Study, P. methysticum root is found to be at par in its effects with
Benzpdiazepine tranquilizers. It has good tolerance and is devoid of soporific
action and of risk of dependence. It is an Herbal Anxiolytic that can be used
for Nervous Anxiety, Tension and its stress related other symptoms.
Kavalactones in P. methysticum
root are found to have anti-convulsive, analgesic and centrally muscle relaxing
properties. Piper methysticum
Source: Am J Health Syst. Pharm. 1999 May 15;56(10):957-8, 960
Author: Pepping J.
Kavalactones were found to potentiate the actions of other medicine like
Barbiturates. These have analgesic and anesthetic action via non-opiate
pathways. In vitro P. methysticum has been found to block norepinephrine uptake. Its long
term heavy use can lead to P. methysticum Dermopathy. Piper
methysticum (kava kava).
Source: Altern Med Rev 1998 Dec;3(6):458-460.
The psychotropic
activities: On investigation of in-vitro effects of Kavalactones in comparison
with amitriptyline, imipramine and brofaromine on Human platelet Mao-B
showed the psychotropic effect. All the six Kavalactones are found to have
different potency in this regard. Inhibition of platelet MAO-B by P. methysticum pyrone-enriched extract from Piper methysticum Forster
(kava-kava) [In Process Citation]
Authors: Uebelhack R; Franke L; Schewe HJ
Source: Pharmacopsychiatry 1998 Sep;31(5):187-92.
Kavalactones' influence over
GABA-A receptors was not caused by their interaction with Benzodiazepine
receptors. Influence of genuine kavapyrone enantiomers on the GABA-A binding
site.
Authors: Boonen G; Haberlein H
Source: Planta Med 1998 Aug;64(6):504-6.
Kavapyrones may be the alternative
to synthetic anxiolytics. [Kava-kava
preparations--alternative anxiolytics]
Vernacular Title: Preparaty kawa-kawa--alternatywne anksjolityki.
Authors: Nowakowska E; Ostrowicz A; Chodera A
Source: Pol Merkuriusz Lek 1998 Mar;4(21):179-180a.
Hawaii has a prominent role to
bring the traditional herbal medicine to conventional medicine. Herbal medicines in
Hawaii from tradition to convention.
Authors: Norton SA.
Source: Hawaii Med J 1998 Jan;57(1):382-6.
Effects of kawain and dihydromethysticin on field potential changes in the hippocampus. The
findings suggest that (i) single constituents of Piper methysticum may have
additive actions, (ii) that the two components kawain and
dihydromethysticin may enhance the effects of the anxiolytic serotonin- 1A
agonist ipsapirone and (iii) that activation of NMDA receptors and/or
voltage dependent calcium channels may be involved in the elementary mechanism
of action of some kava-pyrones.
Auhtors: Walden J; von Wegerer J; Winter U; Berger M; Grunze H.
Source: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1997 May;21(4):697-706.
Antithrombotic action
of the kava pyrone (+)-kavain prepared from Piper methysticum on human
platelets.
The similarity of
the IC50 values suggest an inhibition of COX by (+)-kavain as primary target,
thus suppressing the generation of TXA2 which induces aggregation of platelets
and exocytosis of ATP by its binding on TXA2-receptors.
Authors: Gleitz J; Beile A; Wilkens P; Ameri A; Peters T.
Source: Planta Med 1997 Feb;63(1):27-30.
The
results support WS 1490 (P. methysticum root's standard extract) as a treatment alternative to tricyclic antidepressants
and benzodiazepines in anxiety disorders, with proven long-term efficacy and
none of the tolerance problems associated with tricyclics and benzodiazepines.
Kava-kava extract WS
1490 versus placebo in anxiety disorders--a randomized placebo-controlled
25-week outpatient trial.
Authors: Volz HP; Kieser M.
Source: Pharmacopsychiatry 1997 Jan;30(1).
Composition and
biological activity of traditional and commercial P. methysticum extracts.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Sep 10;322(1):147-52.
The applied 150 mg
P. methysticum extract
per day is an effective and safe treatment of non-psychotic anxiety syndromes in
the described population.
Phytother Res. 2004 Apr;18(4):297-300.
Kava-Kava LI150 is well tolerated and as effective as Buspirone and Opipramol in the acute treatment of out-patients suffering from
GAD.
Phytomedicine. 2003;10 Suppl 4:38-49.
The
results suggest that P. methysticum and valerian may be beneficial to health by reducing
physiological reactivity during stressful situations. Cropley M, Cave Z, Ellis J, Middleton RW.
Department of Psychology,
School of Human Sciences,
University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK. Phytother Res 2002 Feb;16(1):23-7.
Pipermethystine rather than
kavalactones, is capable of causing cell death, probably in part by disrupting
mitochondrial function. Thus, PM may contribute to rare but severe hepatotoxic
reactions to P. methysticum. 1490.some
P. methysticum herbal supplements may contain ingredients from aerial stem peelings. The
aim of this project was to test the in vitro effects of a major P. methysticum alkaloid,
Pipermethystine (PM) found mostly in leaves and stem peelings and kavalactones
such as 7,8-dihydromethysticin (DHM), desmethoxyyangonin (DMY) that are abundant
in the roots. In
Vitro Toxicity of P. methysticum Alkaloid, Pipermethystine,
in HepG2 Cells as Compared to Kavalactones
by
Nerurkar PV, Dragull K, Tang CS.
Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering,
College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources,
University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822. Toxicol Sci. 2004 Jan 21.
P. methysticum extracts produce significant murine anxiolytic-like
behavioral changes and sedation that are not mediated through the benzodiazepine
binding site on the GABA(A) receptor complex.
Extracts
of kava ( Piper methysticum) induce
acute anxiolytic-like behavioral changes in mice
by
Garrett KM, Basmadjian G, Khan IA, Schaneberg BT, Seale TW.
Department of Physiology,
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center,
PO Box 26901, OK 73190, Oklahoma City, USA. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003 Jul 4.
Sleep disturbances associated with
non-psychotic anxiety disorders can be effectively and safely treated with P.
methysticum
extract WS((R)) 1490.
Clinical efficacy of P. methysticum extract WS((R)) 1490 in sleep disturbances associated
with anxiety disorders. Results of a multicenter, randomized,
placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial
by
Lehrl S.
Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg,
Department of Medical Psychology
and Medical Sociology, Schwabachanlage 6,
D-91054, Erlangen, Germany J Affect Disord. 2004 Feb;78(2):101-10.
P. methysticum extract is
superior to placebo and relatively safe as a symptomatic treatment for anxiety.
These findings warrant further and more rigorous investigations into the
efficacy and safety of P. methysticum extract. P. methysticum
extract for treating anxiety.
(Cochrane Review)
by
Pittler & NA; &, M &NA; &, Edzard &NA; &, E &NA; &
Department of Complementary Medicine,
University of Exeter,
25 Victoria Park Road,
Exeter, UK, EX2 4NT.
M.H.Pittler@exeter.ac.uk Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;4:CD003383.
Comparison of
the central nervous system activity of the aqueous and lipid extract of P.
methysticum
(Piper methysticum) Archive of
Int. Pharmacodynamic Therapy
Vol 301, Sep-Oct 1989;
81-90 by D.D. Jamieson; P.H. Duffield; D. Cheng; A.M. Duffield.
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Kava Or Piper
methysticum & Liver Problems:
FDA Appeals To All Kava
Users & Health Practitioners:
Some part of this letter is
given here.
"FDA urges consumers and their health care professionals to report any cases of
liver and other injuries that may be related to the use of kava-containing
dietary supplements. Adverse events associated with the use of dietary
supplements should be reported as soon as possible to FDA's MedWatch program by
calling their toll-free number (1-800-332-1088) or through the Internet (http://www.fda.gov/medwatch).
Although liver damage appears to be rare, FDA believes consumers should be
informed of this potential risk.
"Given these reports, persons who
have liver disease or liver problems, or persons who are taking drug products
that can affect the liver, should consult a physician before using
kava-containing supplements.
"Consumers who use a kava-containing dietary supplement and who experience
signs of illness associated with liver disease should also consult their
physician. Symptoms of serious liver disease include jaundice (yellowing of the
skin or whites of the eyes) and brown urine. Non-specific symptoms of liver
disease can include nausea, vomiting, light-colored stools, unusual tiredness,
weakness, stomach or abdominal pain, and loss of appetite.
"FDA will continue to investigate the relationship, if any,
between the use of dietary supplements containing kava and liver injury. The
agency's investigation includes attempting to determine a biological explanation
for the relationship and to identify the different sources of kava in the U.S.
and Europe. The agency will alert consumers, and if warranted, take additional
action as more information becomes available.
"This document was issued on March 25, 2002."
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Kava Kava
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Kava-Liquid
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Use Kava For:
- As anxiolytic, tranquilizer or calming agent; in anxiety, nervous
restlessness.
- In tension and stress.
- In agitated state.
- Weakness or fatigue with anxiety.
- Chronic pain with tense muscles.
- Read Kava related pages on Holistic-Herbalist for dosage, safety and side
effects.
- Take one capsule or 300 mg during acute condition or once every two day.
Prefer to take other anxiolytic herbs like passionflower for long term and
continuous use. Alternatively you can take drops - 1.6 ml or 2 dropperfuls
instead of capsule. Never exceed dosage more than twice a day for drops or
capsules.
Buying Information:
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We recommend the interested visitors to get Kava Kava
Capsules
supplements from this place. This is a good store, with reputable quality and one of the most
reasonable price. Get a pack of 30 capsules.
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We recommend the interested visitors to get Kava-Liquid
Drops
supplements from this place. Get a pack of 60 ml of bottle with 37 dosage.
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These Clinical Research and
Resource Works are the copyright of Individual Publications and Authors. Only some of
the best and reliable sources are cited here. People interested to learn more
can follow any one of these.
We thanks all the known and
unknown persons who contributed to the well being of all of us - Thanks for
their services.
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Piper methysticum -
Research Based Benefits & Uses
Piper methysticum Or
Kava - Traditional Benefits & Uses
Kava Dosage &
Bio-chemical Composition
Kava Side Effects, Liver
Controversy, Allergies
About The Plant &
Pictures Of Kava
Clinical Research &
Resources Of Kava
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